RO ruwa sarrafawa tsarin kuma aka kira reverse osmosis ruwa sarrafawa tsarin, shi ne shekaru 60 ci gaba da wani membrane rabuwa fasaha, da ka'idar shi ne cewa raw ruwa a karkashin babban matsin lamba aiki ta hanyar reverse osmosis membrane, ruwa mai narkewa daga high taro zuwa low taro yaduwa don haka cimma rabuwa, tsarkakewa, taro manufa, saboda shi ne a cikin yanayi shiga shugabanci, saboda haka kira shi reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis ruwa tsarin iya cire kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, colloids, organic abubuwa da kuma fiye da 98% mai narkewa gishiri a cikin ruwa. Hanyar tana da ƙananan farashin aiki, sauƙin aiki, babban matakin sarrafa kansa, kwanciyar hankali na ingancin ruwan fitarwa da sauran halaye. Yana da kyakkyawan amfani idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin sarrafa ruwa na gargajiya, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antun sarrafa ruwa.
RO membrane kanta ga pH, zafin jiki da kuma takamaiman sinadarai na ruwa mai hankali, ingancin ruwa na ruwa yana buƙatar tsananin ƙimar pH na kewayon 4 ~ 10, zafin jiki < 40 ℃, ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar^-1, turbidity <1, ƙunshi na baƙin ƙarfe <0.1mg · L^-1jira. Don saduwa da RO membrane shigar da ruwa bukatun, raw ruwa kafin shiga RO membrane tsarin da farko ya yi pre-treatment (sedimentation, kankare, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, aiki carbon sha, pH daidaitawa, da dai sauransu), sa'an nan kuma a matsa lamba famfo shiga membrane sassa, a karkashin matsin lamba raw ruwa ta hanyar RO membrane zama samar da ruwa, yayin da mara kyau gishiri, organic abubuwa da kuma particles, da dai sauransu da aka tsare da RO membrane a wani gefen membrane samar da concentration. Dangane da bukatun takamaiman tsari, za a iya sake amfani da ko sake sarrafa madaidaicin. RO za a iya haɗa tare da ultra-tacewa, nano tacewa, da sauran membrane na'urorin, samar da hadedden membrane na'urorin.